StarQuiz 1003

Name and explain three defects in this panel:

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Double lugging or double wiring
These breakers are designed to hold a single wire at the terminal (or lug). Installing two wires on a single connector may cause a poor connection and gaping. When wires are not tightly secured the electricity will jump across the small space or gap and cause a spark or arc, resulting in high heat and a poor connection, creating a fire hazard. There is no room in this panel for additional breakers and the installation of a new panel may be needed.

Double wiring or "double lugging", which is the attachment of more than one wire to a single breaker, fuse, or bus bar terminal can cause looseness, arcing, and overheating. Most terminals are designed to hold only one wire, and this condition may be hazardous. In many instances, repair is relatively simple. A full panel may indicate the need to upgrade the equipment.

Over sized breakers
Several #12 wires are protected by 30-amp breakers.

Fuses and circuit breakers are rated to allow a specific amount of current in the circuit before tripping or burning out. When the wrong size breaker or fuse is used, there is a potential for the wiring to overheat, creating a fire hazard. For example, a 14 gauge wire is rated to safely draw 15 amps and a 15-amp fuse or circuit breaker on this circuit will blow when overloaded. Using a larger breaker or fuse, such as rated 20 or 30 amps, will not provide adequate protection.

Excess sheathing inside panel
A good electrican will trim back any paper or excess sheathing material left inside the panel. Combining double-wiring with over-fusing and adding fuel for a fire typically indicates wiring by an amatuer.

Complete panel replacement should be considered.

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